Electrical apparatus



P. H. GEIGER Aug. '26, 1930.

ELECTRI CAL APPARATUS Filed July vlf), 1928 NEB Patented y Aug.A 2 6, v1930 A I PAUL H'. GEIGER, or wrxmsnune, rENNsYLVANIA, AssoNonTo THE. Union swrrcn 5&'sIGNAL coivrrAnY,

SYLVANIA Y e Y Y "ELECTRICAL ApplicationY filed.r` 1Q, l Myfinventiony relatesl to electric-all#appa-` ratus,y and` particularly to apparatus 'of the type lcomprising afloadsupplied lW'ithenv Aergyrfrom.asource' of pulsatingcurrent?y r :51'71- 1 One obje'ctfof .my V'invention is vthel pr0- Visiofninapparatus of the type described, of; fm'e'ans for smoothing out; the pulsations in :the current suppliedto the load; .f 1

The presentfcasefis a continuation offmy co-pending application', Serial No.' 61,211', filedOctober'v 8, 1925, vfor "Electricalapparatios, inlso faras the matter commonto the twov cases is concerned.r j Q I Will describeseveral rforms e ofapparatus dembodying `my ir'lvention',V` VIand will then point out the `novel features thereof in claims.

In the accomp'aying drawing, Fig.` I isa diagrammatic Viewillustrating onegform of f electrical apparatus embodying my iinven- 'ftion; Figs. 2; 3 andA 4' are "Views showing modified forms of the lapparatus illustrated Y inV Fig. 1 and also-embodyingzmy invention.

Y Figgi iis la View'showing a modified formof the fapparatus illustrated*y in Fig'.v 4 and also embodyng my invention.` Y --1 rSimilar reference' characters referto similar parts' in .each of the several views.

Referring first to Fig. l, the apparatusV comprises-a source of pulsating `current which as hereshown'is'a rectifier R supplied .With energy from the secondary 2 ofa transformer 'TA1 The .primary 1 ofthistransformer isv suppliedv lwith alternating current from a .sourcenotshown in the drawing. Y' Y The rectier R supplies pulsating curren to a load which may-be any current consuming device andis here illustrated as theflament 6 of an electron tube A similarfto those usedlfinradioreceiving circuits andthe like. Tlieilament fofthistube is connected with Vthe output terminals a and Z) of 'therectifier R." In order toreduce or smooth out the pulsations in the current -flowing'thnnugh the Y-load,`iwhichpulsations, in theca'seof an electron tube, Wouldv cause undesirable pulsations in the plate current of thetube7 connect the secondary of a'tra'nsformerKin series With the/filament 6. The primary 4 of this trans` former is connected directly acrossithe teriiers,of aradioreceiving systenn Y 192s'. 'f seria; 'non seneca! f l,variableresistance-5'.A y v e Y The vpulsatim'i-s Yin the 1 currenty f oWing through the secondary j3 ofthe transformer K induce,l in v,the secondary 3, anelectromotive 'forcey WhichV tends vto oppose these ,pulsationsY rLhe `pulsatn current in-primarygl` of transformersecondary 3 an "electr-emotiveforce ywhich "tends V.tov oppose-the pulsations in. the load :11%

ycircuit, As al result.' ofv these twoinduced electromotive forces,tl ie.pi`1lsations in' the fcu-rrent Vflowingthrough the filament y6 are smoothed out and substantially eliminated.

mayV f ble adjusted. to.

be obtainedJW-ithiVv comparatively' small or sWrssVnnE, PENNsYnVAniA, a coRPonAToN/OFPENN.-

-alsoinduces in Bymeansoffthe' resistance 5 the amparatus gi've' the maximum One. advantageof `theapparatus embody` y ing y my -.invention over apparatus Aalready known is that agiven 'smoothing effect may vsmoothing reactors arrangedfintheform,of y Y artransformenK. T The same .smoothing effect AYcannot be accomplislfied'k with windings of .similar sizefsimplymsertedin series With f In the form kof theapparatus shoyvnin 2' the' various parts are arranged in a manner vsimilar fto'fthe arrangementshown inFig. ,1 with the f exceptiony that `an auxiliary reactor X is connected inseriefsWitht-he filament 6 'of tubefAt. The.purpose'l of this yreactor is to further smooth out the pulsations in the cur- A:rent fiowingithrough; the filament.

InfFiggS the reactorX is connected in seriesfwith'the lfilament 6 and also With the vprimary-toiitransformer K.V Theoperation c aratusis the same as in Figs. -1V

ofthe app andr2f1f;

y Y Referring now to Fig 4,-the load which is -supplied'withcurrent Vfrom the rectifier R isdividedginto two-portions, one comprising the ;iilament 9 of an electron tube C, andthe l other portioncomprising the' filaments 8 of 'I L a plurality ofelectrontubessuch as B1 andiBZ. .'llhetube/C may bethe detector, and'tubes B1 4 and a secondary 3 by an adjustable tap t. The amplifiers Bl and B2 have their filaments 8 supplied with pulsating current from terminals a and .7) ofthe rectifier R through the secondary 3 .of transformer K1 and the smoothing reactor X in series. The` filament 9 of the detector tube VC is connected with terminals i and 6 of rectifier R through primary` 4` of transformer K1, anadjustable Aresistance andthe smoothing reactorhX.

The pulsating current through secondary 3 induces an electromotive force which tends to opposethese pulsations, and the pulsating current in primary 4 also induces an electromotive force in secondary 3 which tendsto oppose the pulsations in the circuit through ,in the vamplifier plate current by the f applied to the grid circuitk of the amplifier tubes; andso are amplified and affect the plate 'current of the amplifiers.- The parts lof the apparatus shown in Fig.` 4 are so arranged and proportioned that the pulsations caused pulsations inthe filament 9'of the detector ltube C Y opposethe pulsations caused in the plate 'current of the amplifier by pulsations inthe filaments 8 of the amplifiersthemselves. The

effect, then, of the pulsations in the detector 35 filament current neutralizes the effect of the pulsations inthe amplifier' filament current,

in so far as their action upon the amplifierY plate current, is concerned. In actual operation the adjustable tap t of transformer K1 and the resistance V5 are adjusted to give the maximum smoothing effect upon the amplifier plate current. These adjustments mayy then be made permanent and all variations in the Vmagnitudes of the currents supplied to the electron tube filaments may be made by means of an adjustable resistance 10 interposed between the secondary 2 of transformer T and the input terminals of the rectifier R.

I have discovered that with the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4 the yfilaments ofthe tubes of a radio receiving system utilizing three stages of audio-frequency amplification may all bey energized from a sixty-cycle alternating current source without perceptible pulsaj vLions in the output of the third stage In the modified form of apparatus shown inFig. 5, the circuits are similar togthose shown in Fig. 4-eXcept that a resistor 21 is two legs 14 and 14a of the core in parallel.

The transformer K2 comprises a core having three magnetizable legs 16, 17 and 18 con- 1 rIhe parts are arranged, as in Fig. 4, in such mannerthat the pulsations in thedetector tube lam-ent circuit oppose the effects of pulsations in the amplifier tube filament circuits,in so far as their effects upon the-am` plifier plate circuits is concerned.

It will be seen that the pulsating fiuX createdby current in winding 4 divides between legs 16 and 18. By properly adjusting the member. 20', the air gap 19 may be brought to such value that the proportion of this flux linking winding 3 substantially neutralizes the effect Vof these pulsations in the output circuit ofthe last stage amplifier.

Although I have herein shown and described only a few forms of electrical apparatus embodying my invention, it is understood that'various changes and modifications may be made therein within .the scope of the appended claims without departing'from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is y f Y l 1. The combination with radio receiving apparatus comprising a detector tube and an amplifier tube and a source of pulsating current, of a rst winding and a second winding in inductive relation, a circuit for said detector tube including said source and said first winding, and a circuit for said amplifier tube including said source and said second winding.

2. The combination with radio receiving apparatus comprising `a detector tube and an amplifier tube and a source of pulsating current, of a first winding and a second winding Yin inductive relation, a circuit for the filament of said detector tube including said source and said first winding, and a circuit for the filament of said Vamplifier tube including said source and said second winding.

3. Thecombination with radio receiving apparatus comprising two electron tubes and a source of pulsating current connected with the filaments of said tubes in parallel, of two windings in inductive relation one interposed in series with each `said filament.

4. In combination, a source of vpulsating current, two loads connected in parallel with said source, and means for reducing the pulsations in the current through at least one of said loads and comprising two windings in inductive relationjone interposed between each said load and said source.

5. The combination with radio rreceiving apparatus comprising ak detectortube and an amplifier tube, of asource of pulsating curient connected with the filament ofsaid ainplilier tube, and means for supplying from said sourcer tothe filament of said detector tube a pulsating current differing in phase'l from the current in said amplifier tube'.V

6. The combination with radio receiving apparatus comprising a detector tube andan amplifier tubeand a source of pulsatingcurrent, of a transformer having three legs connected in parallel, two windings located 'on two of said legs respectively, a circuit for the filament of the detector tube including saidsource and one of said windings, l, andl apparatus comprising an electron tube, of a transformer having three legs connected in parallel, two windings located on two ofsaid legs respectively, means for varying the reluctance of one of said two legs; a reactor; a circuit including said source, said reactor, one of said'windings, and the filament of said electron tube; a resistor connected across said reactor 'and said source, and a second circuit including said source and the remaining winding.-

ture.

PAUL Henman. Y

a circuit for the filament-of the amplifier tube Y f including said source and the other winding. Y

7. The combination with radio receiving apparatus comprising a detector tube vand an amplifier' tube anda sourcey of pulsating current, of a transformer having three legs connected in parallel, two windings located on two of said legs, respectively,means for varying the couplinggbetween said windings, a circuit for the filament of the detector tube including said sourceA and one ofv said windings, and a circuit for the filament of the amplifier tube including said source and theY other winding.

8. In combination with radio receiving apf paratus comprising a detector tube and an amplifiertube and a source of pulsating current, of a transformer having three legs connected in parallel, two windings located on .l

two of said legsrespectively, means for varyin one of said legs, a circuit for the filament of the detector tube including said source and one of said windings, andV Va circuit for the .filament of the amplilier'tubeincluding said source and the other winding. Y i

10. The combination with radio receiving apparatus comprising an electron tube, of la transformer having three legs connected in p parallel, two windings located on two of said legs respectively, means for varying the reluctance of one of said two legs; a circuit including one of said windings, said source and the filament of said electron tube; and

means for connecting theremaining winding with said source. 1

11. The combination with radio receiving In testimony whereof yI affix my signa-k p `ico` iio 

